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Law No. 12.651 on the protection of Native Forests.

Country/Territory
Brazil
Document type
Legislation
Date
2012 (2023)
Source
FAO, FAOLEX
Subject
Forestry, Land & soil, Water, Wild species & ecosystems
Keyword
Framework law Plant protection Protected area Protection forest Public forest Right of use Traditional rights/customary rights Forest management/forest conservation Forest fires Forestry protection measures Family farming Authorization/permit Protection of species Sustainable development Soil conservation/soil improvement Land tenure Land-use planning Freshwater pollution Water conservation zone Pollution control Management/conservation Wild flora Zoning Biodiversity Ecosystem preservation
Geographical area
Amazonia, Americas, Latin America and the Caribbean, North Atlantic, South America, South Atlantic
Entry into force notes
This Law enters into force on the day of its publication.
Abstract

This Law, consisting of 14 Chapters, regulates the protection, and sustainable use and exploitation of native forests and other indigenous plants. The Law aims to promote the economic development of Brazilian selected areas by the following activities: recognizing the existing native forests and other indigenous plants as Brazilian wealth; confirming the preservation of National forests, habitats, biodiversity, soil conservation and water resources for the well being of the future generations; recognizing the strategic function of rural production in recovering and protecting natural forests and the sustainable agro forestry production; including private forests on the same level as public; sustainable use of forest resources in line with the Environmental, Water and Land National Policies. This Law is divided as follows: General provisions (Chap. I); Permanent protected areas (Chap. II); Restricted forest use areas (Chap. III); Legal reserve areas (Chap. IV); Alternative land use (Chap. V); Rural cadastre (Chap. VI); Forest exploitation (Chap. VII); Control over forest products (Chap. VIII); Fires prohibition and fire control (Chap. IX); Incentives for environment preservation (Chap. X); Deforestation control (Chap. XI); Family agriculture (Chap. XII); Temporary provisions (Chap. XIII); Final provisions (Chap. XIV).

Full text
Portuguese
Website
www2.camara.gov.br; http

References - Legislation

Amends

Law No. 11.428 on the use and protection of Atlantic Forest Biome.

Legislation | Brazil | 2006 (2012)

Keyword: Basic legislation, Policy/planning, Plant protection, Protection forest, Public forest, Classification/declassification, Special fund, Biodiversity, Forest management/forest conservation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Environmental Policy Act No. 6.938.

Legislation | Brazil | 1981 (2013)

Keyword: Framework law, Institution, Pollution control, Environmental planning, Ecosystem preservation, Offences/penalties, Policy/planning

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Repeals

Decree No. 5.975 regulating Forestry Code of 1965 and Law No. 10.650 of 2003 on Sustainable Forest Management, and amending other provisions.

Legislation | Brazil | 2006 (2008)

Keyword: Forest management/forest conservation, Protected area, Timber extraction/logging, Afforestation/reforestation, Authorization/permit

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

New Forestry Code (Act No. 4.771).

Legislation | Brazil | 1965

Keyword: Basic legislation, Forest management/forest conservation, Protected area, Timber extraction/logging, Afforestation/reforestation, Authorization/permit

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Act No. 7.754 establishing protective measures for forests along river source areas.

Legislation | Brazil | 1989

Keyword: Protected area, Protection forest, Zoning, Timber extraction/logging, Offences/penalties, Forest management/forest conservation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Provisional Measure No. 2.080-63 amending the Forestry Code.

Legislation | Brazil | 2001

Keyword: Forest management/forest conservation, Protected area, Timber extraction/logging, Afforestation/reforestation, Authorization/permit, Indigenous peoples

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Implemented by

Decree No. 8.972 creating the National Policy for the Recovery of Native Vegetation.

Legislation | Brazil | 2017

Keyword: Plant protection, Protected area, Protection forest, Public forest, Right of use, Traditional rights/customary rights, Forest management/forest conservation, Forest fires, Forestry protection measures, Family farming, Authorization/permit, Protection of species, Policy/planning, Management/conservation, Wild flora, Zoning, Biodiversity

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Decree No. 7.830 regulating the Rural Environment Cadastre System (SICAR).

Legislation | Brazil | 2012

Keyword: Access-to-information, Classification/declassification, Data collection/reporting, Registration, Environmental planning, Environmental standards, Indigenous peoples, Policy/planning, Standards, Protection of environment, Afforestation/reforestation, Forest management/forest conservation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Norm SEMA No, 11 establishing the obligation of the Prior Authorization to the Technical Analysis Plan for Sustainable Forest Management - APAT.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Agricultural development, Forest management/forest conservation, Forestry protection measures, Legal proceedings/administrative proceedings, Data collection/reporting

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Resolution CEMACT No. 1 creating the State Programme on Decentralization of Environmental Management.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Institution, Environmental standards, Data collection/reporting, Pollution control, Environmental planning, Classification/declassification, Legal proceedings/administrative proceedings, Policy/planning, Standards, Protection of environment

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Order IAP No. 108 regulating the exploitation of wood from native tree species of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes within the State of Paraná.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Timber extraction/logging, Forest management/forest conservation, Forest species, Forestry protection measures, Non-timber products, Protection forest

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Order CBRN No. 8 establishing procedures of the Coordination of Biodiversity and Natural Resources (CBRN) for the approval of the Legal Reserve location.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Institution, Management/conservation, Protected area, Biodiversity

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Order IAP No. 259 establishing the criteria and requirements for submission of the self-monitoring of Environmental Landfill Site in Paraná.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Legal proceedings/administrative proceedings, Soil pollution/quality, Solid waste, Waste disposal, Waste management, Effluent waste water/discharge, Environmental planning, Monitoring, Pollution control, Soil rehabilitation, Policy/planning

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Decree No. 2.698 establishing the priority areas within the State for legal reserve compensation purposes.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Protected area, Forest management/forest conservation, Liability/compensation, Zoning, Management/conservation, Ecosystem preservation, Protection of species

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Decree No. 8.235 establishing general rules to Environmental Adjustment Programmes of the States and the Federal District.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Access-to-information, Classification/declassification, Data collection/reporting, Registration, Environmental planning, Environmental standards, Capacity building, Policy/planning, Standards, Protection of environment

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Decree No. 13.977 establishing the Rural Environmental Cadastre of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Access-to-information, Classification/declassification, Data collection/reporting, Registration, Environmental planning, Environmental standards, Policy/planning, Standards, Protection of environment, Afforestation/reforestation, Forest management/forest conservation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Decree No. 10.068 establishing criteria and procedures for environmental adaptation of processing industries of sugar cane to produce Ethanol, Sugar and Electric Power.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Institution, Energy conservation/energy production, Biofuel, Environmental standards, Bioenergy, Legal proceedings/administrative proceedings, Standards, Protection of environment, Sugar, Processing/handling, Waste management, Waste prevention

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Decree No. 1.379 creating the Environmental Regularization Programme for Rural Properties of the State of Pará - PRA/PA.

Legislation | Brazil | 2015

Keyword: Forest management/forest conservation, Forestry protection measures, Protected area, Sustainable use, Protection forest, Smallholders/peasants, Environmental planning, Environmental standards, Authorization/permit, Policy/planning, Standards, Protection of environment

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Norm ADEMA No. 9 establishing environmental licensing exemption to poultry, cattle, sheep and goat breeding activity in extensive production system.

Legislation | Brazil | 2015

Keyword: Environmental standards, Ecofriendly products/ecofriendly processes, Standards, Protection of environment, Authorization/permit, Legal proceedings/administrative proceedings, Classification/declassification, Poultry, Sheep/goats, Swine, Animal production

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Law No. 18.295 creating the Environmental Regularization Programme for Rural Properties of the State of Paraná (PRA).

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Registration, Policy/planning, Soil conservation/soil improvement, Farming, Family farming, Agricultural development, Protected area, Protection forest, Environmental planning, Land-use planning, Urban land, Soil rehabilitation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Resolution INEA No. 134 establishing criteria and procedures for settlement, management and exploitation of agroforestry systems and the practice of fallow within the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Legislation | Brazil | 2016

Keyword: Agricultural development, Agro-forestry, Authorization/permit, Family farming, Farming, Forest management/forest conservation, Processing/handling, Protected area

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Decree No. 20.627 creating the Environmental Regularization Programme for Rural Properties of the State of Rondônia (PRA).

Legislation | Brazil | 2016

Keyword: Protected area, Protection forest, Environmental planning, Environmental standards, Authorization/permit, Indigenous peoples, Policy/planning, Standards, Protection of environment, Forest management/forest conservation, Forestry protection measures, Sustainable use, Smallholders/peasants

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Law No. 14.961 establishing the State Agricultural Policy for Planted Forests and their products.

Legislation | Brazil | 2016

Keyword: Policy/planning, Environmental planning, Erosion, Inspection, Afforestation/reforestation, Forest management/forest conservation, Soil conservation/soil improvement, Timber, Timber extraction/logging, Non-timber products, Legal proceedings/administrative proceedings, Animal health, Animal production, Agricultural development, Freshwater pollution, Ecosystem preservation, Pollution control

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Complementary Law No. 592 providing for the Environmental Regulation Programme (PRA), the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR), the Environmental Regularization of Rural Property and the Environmental Licensing of activities that pollute or use natural resources, within the State of Mato Grosso.

Legislation | Brazil | 2019

Keyword: Environmental standards, Registration, Authorization/permit, Protection of environment, Standards, Pollution control, Sustainable development, Access-to-information, Classification/declassification, Data collection/reporting, Environmental planning, Policy/planning, Forest management/forest conservation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Law No. 15.684 providing for the Environmental Regularization Programme for Rural Lands and Properties within the State of São Paulo (PRA).

Legislation | Brazil | 2015

Keyword: Registration, Policy/planning, Soil conservation/soil improvement, Farming, Family farming, Agricultural development, Protected area, Protection forest, Environmental planning, Land-use planning, Urban land, Soil rehabilitation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Amended by

Law No. 12.727 amending Law No. 12.651 on the protection of Native Forests.

Legislation | Brazil | 2012

Keyword: Plant protection, Protected area, Protection forest, Public forest, Right of use, Traditional rights/customary rights, Forest management/forest conservation, Forest fires, Forestry protection measures, Sustainable use, Authorization/permit, Sustainable development, Protection of species, Freshwater resources management, Water conservation zone, Management/conservation, Wild flora, Zoning, Biodiversity, Wetlands, Coastal zone management

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Law No. 3.437 regulating aquaculture activity within the State of Rondônia.

Legislation | Brazil | 2014

Keyword: Aquaculture, Agricultural development, Authorization/permit, Fish products, Offences/penalties, Classification/declassification, Basic legislation, Freshwater pollution, Pollution control

Source: FAO, FAOLEX