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Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Country/Territory
Russian Federation
Document type
Legislation
Date
2001 (2020)
Source
FAO, FAOLEX
Subject
Fisheries, Land & soil, Water
Keyword
Fishery management and conservation Aquaculture Basic legislation Land reform Land tenure Lease Agricultural land Ownership Cadastre/land registration Expropriation Servitude Land valuation Offences/penalties Dispute settlement Soil conservation/soil improvement Erosion Drainage/land reclamation Flood Sustainable development
Geographical area
Arctic, Asia and the Pacific, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States), Eastern Europe, Europe, Europe and Central Asia, North Pacific, North-West Pacific
Entry into force notes
The Federal Law enters into force from the date of its official publication.
Abstract

The present Land Code and other legislative acts issued in accordance with it are based upon the following principles: 1) consideration of the importance of land as the basis of vital and economic activity of man and at the same time as immovable property, object of the right of ownership and other land rights; 2) priority of protection of land as the main environmental component in accordance with consideration of land as immovable property that that guarantees to the owner the right of ownership, possession and disposal of land freely on condition that it does not cause damage environmental damage; 3) priority ensuring decision-making and carrying out such types of activity that ensure protection of human life and prevention of negative impact on it; 4) unity of destination of the plots of land and objects strictly connected with them; 5) priority of conservation of particularly precious land and protected areas; 6) charged use of land except for cases envisaged by Federal and regional legislation; 7) purposeful sub-division of land in accordance with predestination of certain categories of land; 8) delimitation of state property on land by sub-division of land into federal, regional and municipal land; 9) differentiated legal status with the consideration of natural, social, economic and other factors; 10) consideration of legitimate public interests and interests of single individuals ensuring the right of each citizen to free ownership, use and disposal of the plots of land owned by him. The Federal Law consists of 18 Chapters that contain 103 articles. Chapter 1 (arts. 1-11) lays down general provisions. Chapter 2 (arts. 12-14) regards protection of land. Chapter 3 (arts. 15-19) regards ownership of land. Chapter 4 (arts. 20-24) regards permanent (open-ended) use, life-long inherited possession of the plots of land, limited use of neighbouring plots of land (servitude), lease of the plots of land, fixed-period use of the plots of land free-of-charge. Chapter 5 (arts. 25-39) deals with the origin of the right of land ownership. Chapter 6 (arts. 40-43) establishes the rights and the duties of the owners of the plots of land, land tenants, landlords and lessees in the process of usufruct of the plots of land. Chapter 7 (arts. 44-56) regards cessation and limitation of land rights. Chapter 8 (arts. 57-58) regards compensation of damages and losses of the producers of agricultural commodities and forestry in case of expropriation of the plots of land for state and municipal needs. Chapter 9 (arts. 59-64) regards protection of land rights and dispute settlement. Chapter 10 (arts. 65-66) deals with land charges and land valuation. Chapter 11 (arts. 67-70) regards land monitoring, land survey and state land cadastre. Chapter 12 (arts. 71-73) regards supervision over the observance of land legislation, protection and use of land (land control). Chapter 13 (arts. 74-76) establishes liability for the offences in the sphere of protection and use of land. Chapter 14 (arts. 77-82) regards agricultural land. Chapter 15 (arts. 83-86) regards urban land. Chapter 16 (arts. 87-93) regards lands of industry, energy, transport, communications, broadcasting, television, information service, outer space activity, defence land, security and other special use land. Chapter 17 (arts. 94-100) regards land of protected territories and objects. Chapter 18 (arts. 101-103) regards forest land, water land and reserve land. In order to protect land, possessors of land plots, land users, landowners and land tenants are obliged to carry out activities for: (a) reproduction of the fertility of agricultural lands; (b) protection of land from water and wind erosion, mudflows, flooding, waterlogging, secondary salinization, desiccation, compaction, pollution by chemical substances, including radioactive, other substances and microorganisms, pollution by industrial and domestic waste and other negative impact; and (c) protecting agricultural land from overgrowing with trees and shrubs, weeds, preservation of reclamation protective forest plantations, maintaining the achieved level of land reclamation. Public servitude can be imposed for the performance of drainage and land reclamation works on a land plot. Lease agreement for a land plot pertaining to state or municipal property, can be concluded without bidding in case of allotment of a plot of land for aquaculture. In order to establish the value of a land plot shall be performed cadastre land evaluation.

Full text
Russian

References - Legislation

Repeals

Land Code, Law No. 1103-1 of 1991.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 1991

Keyword: Basic legislation, Land reform, Land tenure, Transfer, Right of use, Expropriation, Lease, Ownership, Liability/compensation, Smallholders/peasants

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Implemented by

Ministerial Decree No. 262 validating the Regulation on compensation for damages caused to landowners, tenants and lessees resulting from expropriation by temporary occupation of land.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2003

Keyword: Expropriation, Liability/compensation, Use restrictions

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Ministerial Decree No. 808 on auctions for public or municipal land or for the right to conclude contracts of tenancy and lease thereof.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2002

Keyword: Land tenure, Public land, Lease, Land valuation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Ministerial Decree No. 112 on land tenure of radioactively and chemically contaminated land, carrying out drainage and land reclamation thereon, setting up protection zones and conservation of objects situated thereon.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2004

Keyword: Land tenure, Soil pollution/quality, Soil conservation/soil improvement, Radiation, Transfer, Use restrictions

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Regional Law No. 814-OZ “On implementation of Land Code of the Russian Federation on the regional territory”.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2015

Keyword: Local government, Public land, Private land, Ownership

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Regional Law No. 3-OZ “On state policy in the field of management of gardening and horticulture.”

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2020

Keyword: Smallholders/peasants, Agricultural land, Non-governmental entity, Public land, Urban and peri-urban agriculture

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Regional Law No. 55-kz “On conservation and reproduction of protection forests on agricultural land”.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2019

Keyword: Agricultural land, Public land, Soil conservation/soil improvement, Forest management/forest conservation, Public forest, Protection forest, Afforestation/reforestation, Registration

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Regional Law No. 91-Z “On allotment to certain categories of citizens in ownership free of charge land plots in their actual use on the regional territory.”

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2020

Keyword: Public land, Ownership, Private land

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Amended by

Federal Law No. 204-FZ amending the Land Code.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2006

Keyword: Land reform, Land tenure

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 69-FZ amending some legislative acts related to public land.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2007

Keyword: Land reform, Land tenure, Public land, Lease, Contract/agreement, Servitude

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 260-FZ amending Federal Law No. 166-FZ on fisheries and conservation of aquatic biological resources and Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2006

Keyword: Inland fisheries, Marine fisheries, Fishing area, Fishery management and conservation, Land tenure, Right of use

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 102-FZ amending Articles 16 and 19 of Water Code and Article 27 of Land Code.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2007

Keyword: Public land, Contract/agreement, Water rights

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 201-FZ implementing the Forest Code.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2006

Keyword: Protection forest, Timber extraction/logging, Contract/agreement, National parks, Authorization/permit, Forest management/forest conservation, Protected area, Sustainable use

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 73-FZ implementing Water Code.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2006

Keyword: Water abstraction, Contract/agreement

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 257-FZ amending Land Code.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2011

Keyword: Right of use, Registration

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 311-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2008

Keyword: Public land, Lease

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 21-FZ amending article 61 of the Land Code.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2007

Keyword: Offences/penalties, Liability/compensation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 92-FZ amending Article 72 of the Land Code.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2006

Keyword: Monitoring

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 92-FZ amending Article 20 and 36 of the Land Code.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2006

Keyword: Land reform, Land tenure

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 154-03 amending some legislative acts regarding management of the forest estate land.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2006

Keyword: Land reform, Land tenure, Expropriation, Transfer

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 53-FZ amending Land Code, Federal Law No. 122-FZ on state registration of immovable property and its transactions and repealing some legislative acts.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2006

Keyword: Land reform, Land tenure, Public land, Ownership

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 138-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2011

Keyword: Public land

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 123-FZ introducing amendments to Land Code and to the Federal Law No. 101-FZ on turnover of agricultural land.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2004

Keyword: Agricultural land, Land tenure, Ownership, Public land, Non-governmental entity

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 123-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2013

Keyword: Land tenure, Agricultural land, Land-use planning, Drainage/land reclamation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 411-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2013

Keyword: Access right

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 499-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2014

Keyword: Land tenure, Ownership, Lease, Property rights

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 234-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2014

Keyword: Agricultural land, Soil pollution/quality, Soil conservation/soil improvement, Soil rehabilitation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 171-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2014

Keyword: Land tenure, Land consolidation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 252-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2015

Keyword: Land tenure, Use restrictions, Cadastre/land registration

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 354-FZ amending some legislative acts.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2016

Keyword: Agricultural development, Agricultural land, Public land, Expropriation, Ownership, Lease

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 248-FZ “On livestock by-products and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation.”

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2022

Keyword: Agricultural land, Soil conservation/soil improvement, Fertilizers/nutrients, Agricultural commodities, Transport/storage, Classification/declassification, Waste non-domestic sources, Waste management, Waste disposal, Data collection/reporting, Access-to-information

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 502-FZ amending Land Code and Federal Law No. 148-FZ “On aquaculture (fishfarming)”.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2019

Keyword: Aquaculture, Contract/agreement, Public land, Agricultural land, Sustainable use, Surface water

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 334-FZ amending some legislative acts.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2016

Keyword: Public land, Local government, Soil pollution/quality, Radiation, Soil rehabilitation

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 335-FZ amending Land Code (No. 136-FZ of 2001).

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2016

Keyword: Public land, Local government

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 505-FZ amending Federal Law No. 33-FZ on protected areas.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2020

Keyword: Protected area, Expropriation, Public land, Zoning, Urban land, Land-use planning, Use restrictions, Ownership, Private land, Sustainable development

Source: FAO, FAOLEX

Federal Law No. 77-FZ amending some legislative acts of the Russian Federation.

Legislation | Russian Federation | 2023

Keyword: Land tenure, Protected area, Management/conservation, National parks, Ecosystem preservation, Wild fauna, Wild flora, Biodiversity, Protection of environment, Monitoring, Education

Source: FAO, FAOLEX