Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques Document type Multilateral Field of application Global Date May 18, 1977 Source IUCN (ID: TRE-000140) Title (French) Convention sur l'interdiction d'utiliser des techniques de modification de l'environnement à des fins militaires ou toutes autres fins hostiles Title (Spanish) Convención sobre la Prohibición de Utilizar Técnicas de Modificación Ambiental con Fines Militares u Otros Fines Hostiles Title (Other) Übereinkommen über das Verbot der militärischen oder sonstigen feindseligen Nutzung umweltverändernder Techniken Place of adoption Geneva Depository UN United Nations Language Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish Entry into force Oct 5, 1978 Subject Environment gen. Keyword Dispute settlement Institution International relations/cooperation Military activities Geographical area Arctic Abstract OBJECTIVE: To effectively prohibit military or any other hostile use of environmental modifications techniques in order to eliminate the dangers to mankind from such use. Summary of provisions: Each State Party to this Convention undertakes to not engage in military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long lasting or severe effects as the means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State Party (art. I.1). The term environmental modification techniques is defined in Article II. The Convention does not hinder the use of environmental modification techniques for peaceful purposes, and State Parties undertake to facilitate, and have the right to participate, in the exchange of information on the use of these techniques for peaceful purposes (art. III). Each Party agrees to take any measures it considers necessary to prohibit or prevent any activity in violation of the Convention anywhere under its jurisdiction or control (art. IV). The Parties undertake to consult one another and to cooperate in solving any problems which may arise in the provisions of the Convention (art. V.1). For this purpose, the Depositary is to convene a Consultative Committee of Experts (art. V.2 and annex). Institutional mechanisms: Any Party which has reason to believe that any other State Party is acting in breach of its obligations may lodge a complaint with the Security Council of the United Nations (art. V.3-5). Five years after the entry into force of the Convention, a conference of the State Parties is to be convened to review the operation of the Convention. Thereafter, a majority of the State Parties may obtain the convening of a conference with the same objectives (art. VIII). (Source: IUCN ELC, 08.2005) Full text English French Spanish Website www.un.orghttps Country/Territory/Participant See Expanded View Show Map Countries Entry into force Ratification * Simple signature Reservation Afghanistan Oct 22, 1985 Oct 22, 1985 [2] - - Algeria Dec 19, 1991 Dec 19, 1991 [2] - - Antigua and Barbuda Oct 25, 1988 Oct 25, 1988 [4] - - Argentina Mar 20, 1987 Mar 20, 1987 [2] - - Armenia May 15, 2002 May 15, 2002 [2] - - Australia Sep 7, 1984 Sep 7, 1984 [1] May 31, 1978 - Austria Jan 17, 1990 Jan 17, 1990 [2] - Jan 17, 1990 Bangladesh Oct 3, 1979 Oct 3, 1979 [2] - - Belarus Oct 5, 1978 Jun 7, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Belgium Jul 12, 1982 Jul 12, 1982 [1] May 18, 1977 - Benin Jun 30, 1986 Jun 30, 1986 [1] Jun 10, 1977 - Bolivia (Plurinational State of) - - May 18, 1977 - Brazil Oct 12, 1984 Oct 12, 1984 [1] Nov 9, 1977 - Bulgaria Oct 5, 1978 May 31, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Cabo Verde Jun 15, 2015 Jun 15, 2015 [2] - - Cameroon Apr 14, 2011 Apr 14, 2011 [2] - - Canada Jun 11, 1981 Jun 11, 1981 [1] May 18, 1977 - Chile Apr 26, 1994 Apr 26, 1994 [2] - - China Jun 8, 2005 Jun 8, 2005 [2] - - Congo, Dem. Rep. of - - Feb 28, 1978 - Costa Rica Feb 7, 1996 Feb 7, 1996 [2] - - Cuba Oct 5, 1978 Apr 10, 1978 [1] Sep 23, 1977 - Cyprus Oct 3, 1979 Oct 3, 1979 [2] - - Czech Republic Oct 5, 1978 Apr 12, 1978 [1] Oct 7, 1977 - Denmark Feb 22, 1993 Feb 22, 1993 [4] - - Dominica Oct 5, 1978 Apr 19, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Egypt Nov 9, 1992 Nov 9, 1992 [4] - - Estonia Aug 16, 2010 Aug 16, 2010 [2] - - Ethiopia Apr 1, 1982 Apr 1, 1982 [2] - - Finland - - May 18, 1977 - Germany Oct 5, 1978 May 16, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Ghana May 24, 1983 May 24, 1983 [1] May 18, 1977 - Greece Oct 5, 1978 Jun 22, 1978 [1] Mar 21, 1978 - Guatemala Aug 23, 1983 Aug 23, 1983 [2] - - Holy See Mar 21, 1988 Mar 21, 1988 [2] - Mar 21, 1988 Honduras Oct 5, 1978 Jul 20, 1977 [1] May 18, 1977 - Hungary - - May 27, 1977 - Iceland Oct 5, 1978 Apr 19, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - India - - May 18, 1977 - Iran, Islamic Republic of Dec 15, 1978 Dec 15, 1978 [1] Dec 15, 1977 - Iraq Dec 16, 1982 Dec 16, 1982 [1] May 18, 1977 - Ireland - - May 18, 1977 - Italy - - Aug 15, 1977 - Japan Nov 27, 1981 Nov 27, 1981 [1] May 18, 1977 - Kazakhstan Jun 9, 1982 Jun 9, 1982 [2] - - Korea, Dem. People's Rep. - - May 18, 1977 - Korea, Republic of Apr 25, 2005 Apr 25, 2005 [2] - - Kuwait Dec 2, 1986 Dec 2, 1986 [2] - - Kyrgyzstan Apr 18, 2011 Apr 18, 2011 [2] - - Lao, People's Dem. Rep. Jan 2, 1980 Jan 2, 1980 [2] - Jan 2, 1980 Lebanon - - May 18, 1977 - Liberia Oct 5, 1978 Oct 5, 1978 [1] Apr 13, 1978 - Lithuania - - May 18, 1977 - Luxembourg Apr 16, 2002 Apr 16, 2002 [2] - - Malawi Dec 9, 1992 Dec 9, 1992 [2] - - Mauritius - - May 18, 1977 - Mongolia Oct 5, 1978 Oct 5, 1978 [2] - - Morocco Oct 5, 1978 May 19, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Netherlands Feb 17, 1993 Feb 17, 1993 [2] - - New Zealand Feb 15, 1979 Feb 15, 1979 [1] May 18, 1977 - Nicaragua Apr 15, 1983 Apr 15, 1983 [1] May 18, 1977 - Niger - - May 18, 1977 - Norway Sep 6, 2007 Sep 6, 2007 [1] Aug 11, 1977 - Pakistan Sep 7, 1984 Sep 7, 1984 [2] - - Panama Feb 27, 1986 Feb 27, 1986 [2] - - Papua New Guinea May 13, 2003 May 13, 2003 [2] - - Poland Oct 28, 1980 Oct 28, 1980 [2] - - Portugal Oct 5, 1978 Jun 8, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Romania Nov 8, 1984 Nov 8, 1984 [2] - - Russian Federation May 6, 1983 May 6, 1983 [1] May 18, 1977 - Saint Lucia Oct 5, 1978 Apr 25, 1978 [1] Jun 8, 1977 - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Oct 5, 1979 Oct 5, 1979 [2] - - Sao Tome and Principe May 27, 1993 May 27, 1993 [4] - - Sierra Leone Oct 5, 1978 May 30, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Slovakia - - Apr 12, 1978 - Slovenia May 28, 1993 May 28, 1993 [4] - - Solomon Islands Apr 20, 2005 Apr 20, 2005 [2] - - Spain Jun 19, 1981 Jun 19, 1981 [4] - - Sri Lanka Oct 5, 1978 Jul 19, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Sweden Apr 27, 1999 Apr 27, 1999 [4] - - Switzerland Apr 27, 1984 Apr 27, 1984 [2] - - Syrian Arab Republic Aug 5, 1988 Aug 5, 1988 [2] - - Tajikistan - - Aug 4, 1977 - Tunisia Oct 12, 1999 Oct 12, 1999 [2] - - Turkey Oct 5, 1978 May 11, 1978 [1] May 11, 1978 - Uganda - - May 18, 1977 - Ukraine - - May 18, 1977 - United Kingdom Oct 5, 1978 May 12, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - United States of America Sep 16, 1993 Sep 16, 1993 [2] - - Uruguay Oct 5, 1978 Jun 13, 1978 [1] May 18, 1977 - Uzbekistan Jan 17, 1980 Jan 17, 1980 [1] May 18, 1977 - Viet Nam May 26, 1993 May 26, 1993 [2] - - Yemen Aug 26, 1980 Aug 26, 1980 [2] - - * [1] Ratification [2] Accession/approbation [3] Acceptance/approval [4] Succession [5] Consent to be bound [6] Definite signature reset zoom out zoom in Other references Literature 17 records related to this treaty. 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