This Law establishes that indication of geographical origin shall be intended a geographical name or other designation that is used, directly or indirectly indicating the geographical origin of goods or services, including their nature or characteristics related to this origin. Collective mark shall be intended a trademark used to mark and distinguish the goods or services of a union, association or similar organization of production, trade or service merchants and economic activity performers. The purpose of this Law is to ensure legal protection of the rights to a trademark, certification mark and indication of geographical origin. It regulates legal relations in the field of registration and protection of trademarks, collective marks and certification marks, as well as protection of geographical indications. In addition to the provisions of this Law, the use of trademarks, collective marks, certification marks and indications of geographical origin is also regulated by other regulatory acts. The general regulation concerning registration and post-registration procedures at the Patent Board is determined by the Law on Industrial Property Institutions and Procedures. Trademark-related rights are protected in compliance with the principles of territoriality and priority. With trademark registration, the trademark owner acquires exclusive rights to the trademark applied for registration in the jurisdiction in which or with respect to which the trademark registration is carried out (principle of territoriality). A trademark may consist of a designation that meets the following requirements: (a) it has distinctive character - such a set of characteristic features that provides the consumers of the relevant goods or services with the opportunity to distinguish the goods or services marked with this trademark from those that have a different origin. The distinctiveness of a sign depends on the nature of the sign, on the nature of the respective goods or services, the peculiarities of the economic activity sector, as well as on the perception of the consumer of these goods or services; and (b) it can be reproduced in the trademark register in such a way that it can be clearly and unequivocally determined what is the subject of the protection granted to the owner of the trademark. Trademark registration may be refused or declared invalid based on absolute or relative grounds. The absolute basis for refusal or invalidation of trademark registration protects public, national and international interests and is applicable regardless of the legal interests and initiative of other persons. The relative basis for refusal or invalidation of trademark registration protects the rights and legal interests of other persons and, with the exception of cases specifically specified in this law, is applicable at the request of interested parties. A trademark shall not be registered, but if it is registered, this registration shall be deemed invalid, if it cannot be registered as a trademark in accordance with the regulatory act of the European Union or an international agreement, the contracting party of which is the European Union or Latvia and which provides for the protection of traditional designations of wines. If there is a risk that packaging, labels, tags, security or authenticity elements or devices or other means marked with a trademark will be used in the course of business in connection with goods or services and such use will be contrary to the rights of the owner of the trademark, the owner of a registered trademark is entitled to prohibit the following activities: (a) mark packaging, labels, tags, security or authenticity elements or devices or any other means that can be marked with a trademark with a sign identical or similar to the trademark; and (b) offer, put on the market, store for such purposes, import or export packaging, labels, tags, security or authenticity elements or devices or any other means that are marked with such a designation. The owner of a trademark has the right to grant another person the right to use his trademark with a license agreement regarding the entire list of goods or services for which the trademark is registered, or a part of it. It is prohibited to use a false indication of geographical origin or a similar designation in connection with goods or services, the origin of which is not the geographical place or territory to which this geographical indication refers, and the use of this indication or designation may mislead consumers about the goods or the geographic origin of the services. This Law contains XIII Chapters divided into 92 Articles. Chapter I lays down general provisions. Chapter II defines trademarks and their registration restrictions. Chapter III establishes rights associated with trademarks. Chapter IV establishes rights to a trademark as an object of property. Chapter V determines trademark registration procedure. Chapter VI establishes civil liability for trademark infringement. Chapter VII establishes the procedure for termination of a trademark. Chapter VIII regards collective mark. Chapter IX regards certification mark. Chapter X establishes the procedure for international registration of trademarks. Chapter XI regards European Union trademark. Chapter XII regards indication of geographic origin. Chapter XIII regards administrative violations in the field of protection of trademarks and geographical indications and competence in the process of administrative violations.