Contents: 1. Mapping the Field , Dan Bodansky, Jutta Brunnée, Ellen Hey Part I General Issues -- 2. The Evolution of International Environmental Law , Peter Sand -- 3. Paradigms and Discourses , John Dryzek -- 4. Global Environmental Governance as Administration , Benedict Kingsbury -- 5. Levels of Environmental Governance , Jeffrey Dunoff -- 6. Formality and Informality , Stephen Toope -- 7. Relationship between International Environmental Law and Other Branches of International Law , Alan Boyle -- 8. Instrument Choice , Richard Stewart -- 9. Science and Technology , Steinar Andresen, Jon Birger Skjaerseth -- Part II: Analytical Tools and Perspectives -- 10. International Relations Theory , Kyle Danish -- 11. An Economic Theory of International Environmental Law , Scott Barrett -- 12. Critical Approaches , Karin Mickelson -- 13. Ethics and International Environmental Law , Christopher Stone -- Part III: Basic Issues Areas -- 14. Atmosphere and Outer Space , Ian Rowlands -- 15. Ocean and Freshwater Resources , David Freestone, Salman M.A. Salman -- 16. Biological Resources , Rosemary Rayfuse 17. Hazardous Substances and Activities , David Wirth -- Part IV: Normative Development -- 18. Different Types of Norms in International Environmental Law , Ulrich Beyerlin -- 19. Formation of Customary International Law and General Principles , Pierre-Marie Dupuy -- 20. Treaty Making and Treaty Evolution , Thomas Gehring -- 21. Private and Quasi-Private Standard Setting , Naomi Roht-Arriaza & Jason Morrison -- Part V: Key Concepts -- 22. Transboundary Impacts , Günther Handl -- 23. Common Areas, Common Heritage, Common Concern , Jutta Brunnée -- 24. Ecosystems , Dan Tarlock 25. Precaution , Jonathan Wiener -- 26. Sustainable Development , Daniel Magraw and Lisa Hawke -- 27. Equity , Dinah Shelton -- 28. Environmental Rights , J.G. Merrills -- 29. Public Participation , Jonas Ebbesson -- 30. Legitimacy , Daniel Bodansky -- Part VI: Actors and Institutions -- 31. Changing Role of the State , Thilo Marauhn -- 32. International Institutions , Ellen Hey -- 33. NGOs and Civil Society , Peter Spiro -- 34. Epistemic Communities , Peter Haas -- 35. Business , Steven Ratner -- 36. Indigenous Peoples , Russell Barsh -- 37. Regional Economic Integration Organizations , Ludwig Krämer -- 38. Treaty Bodies , Geir Ulfstein -- Part VII: Implementation and Enforcement -- 39. Compliance Theory , Ron Mitchell -- 40. National Implementation , Catherine Redgwell -- 41. Financial and Technological Transfers , Laurence Boisson de Chazournes -- 42. Monitoring and Verification , Jorgen Wettestad -- 43. Compliance Procedures , Jan Klabbers -- 44. International Responsibility and Liability , Malgosia Fitzmaurice -- 45. International Dispute Settlement , Cesare Romano -- 46. Conclusions , Dan Bodansky, Jutta Brunnée, Ellen Hey