Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Document type Multilateral Field of application Global Date Sep 16, 1987 Source IUCN (ID: TRE-000953) Title (French) Protocole de Montréal relatif à des substances qui appauvrissent la couche d’ozone Title (Spanish) Protocolo de Montreal relativo a las sustancias que agotan la capa de ozono Title (Other) Montrealer Protokoll über Stoffe, die zu einem Abbau der Ozonschicht führen Place of adoption Montreal Depository UN United Nations Language Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish Entry into force Jan 1, 1989 Subject Waste & hazardous substances, Air & atmosphere Keyword Ozone layer Geographical area Arctic Abstract Objectives: To protect the ozone layer by taking precautionary measures to control global emissions of substances that deplete it. Summary of provisions: The Parties agree to control the annual consumption and production of substances named in annex A at the 1986 annual level. Developing countries consuming less than 0.3 kg per capita of the controlled substances, on the entry into force of the Protocol for them, may delay compliance with paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of article 2 of the Protocol by ten years, provided in that period they do not exceed 0.3 kg per capita (arts. 2 and 5). A year after the entry of the Protocol into force Parties may not import the substances from a non-party to the Protocol. After January 1993 developing countries may not export such substances to a non-party (arts. 4 and 5). The Protocol also provides for measures of exchange of technology and information, calculation of control levels and assessment and review of the progress achieved. (Source: IUCN ELC, 08.2005, based on UNEP Register of International Treaties and Other Agreements in the Field of the Environment, 1996) Full text English French Spanish Other Website treaties.un.org Online course Introductory Course to the International Legal Framework on Ozone Depletion Country/Territory/Participant See Expanded View Show Map Countries Entry into force Ratification * Simple signature Afghanistan Sep 15, 2004 Jun 17, 2004 [2] - Albania Jan 6, 2000 Oct 8, 1999 [2] - Algeria Jan 18, 1993 Oct 20, 1992 [2] - Andorra Apr 26, 2009 Jan 26, 2009 [2] - Angola Aug 15, 2000 May 17, 2000 [2] - Antigua and Barbuda Mar 3, 1993 Dec 3, 1992 [2] - Argentina Dec 16, 1990 Sep 18, 1990 [1] Jun 29, 1988 Armenia Dec 30, 1999 Oct 1, 1999 [2] - Australia Aug 17, 1989 May 19, 1989 [1] Jun 8, 1988 Austria Aug 1, 1989 May 3, 1989 [1] Aug 29, 1988 Azerbaijan Sep 10, 1996 Jun 12, 1996 [2] - Bahamas Aug 2, 1993 May 4, 1993 [2] - Bahrain Jul 26, 1990 Apr 27, 1990 [2] - Bangladesh Oct 31, 1990 Aug 2, 1990 [2] - Barbados Jan 14, 1993 Oct 16, 1992 [2] - Belarus Jan 1, 1989 Oct 31, 1988 [3] Jan 22, 1988 Belgium Mar 30, 1989 Dec 30, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Belize Apr 9, 1998 Jan 9, 1998 [2] - Benin Sep 29, 1993 Jul 1, 1993 [2] - Bhutan Nov 21, 2004 Aug 23, 2004 [2] - Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Jan 1, 1995 Oct 3, 1994 [2] - Bosnia and Herzegovina Nov 30, 1993 Sep 1, 1993 [4] - Botswana Mar 2, 1992 Dec 4, 1991 [2] - Brazil Jun 17, 1990 Mar 19, 1990 [2] - Brunei Darussalam Aug 25, 1993 May 27, 1993 [2] - Bulgaria Feb 18, 1991 Nov 20, 1990 [2] - Burkina Faso Oct 18, 1989 Jul 20, 1989 [1] Sep 14, 1988 Burundi Apr 6, 1997 Jan 6, 1997 [2] - Cabo Verde Oct 29, 2001 Jul 31, 2001 [2] - Cambodia Sep 25, 2001 Jun 27, 2001 [2] - Cameroon Nov 28, 1989 Aug 30, 1989 [2] - Canada Jan 1, 1989 Jun 30, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Central African Republic Jun 27, 1993 Mar 29, 1993 [2] - Chad Sep 5, 1994 Jun 7, 1994 [1] - Chile Jun 24, 1990 Mar 26, 1990 [1] Jun 14, 1988 China Sep 12, 1991 Jun 14, 1991 [2] - Colombia Mar 6, 1994 Dec 6, 1993 [2] - Comoros Jan 29, 1995 Oct 31, 1994 [2] - Congo Feb 14, 1995 Nov 16, 1994 [1] Sep 15, 1987 Congo, Dem. Rep. of Feb 28, 1995 Nov 30, 1994 [2] - Cook Islands (New Zealand) Mar 21, 2004 Dec 22, 2003 [2] - Costa Rica Oct 28, 1991 Jul 30, 1991 [2] - Croatia Dec 20, 1992 Sep 21, 1992 [4] - Cuba Oct 12, 1992 Jul 14, 1992 [2] - Cyprus Aug 26, 1992 May 28, 1992 [2] - Czech Republic Dec 29, 1993 Sep 30, 1993 [4] - Côte d'Ivoire Jul 4, 1993 Apr 5, 1993 [2] - Denmark Jan 1, 1989 Dec 16, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Djibouti Oct 28, 1999 Jul 30, 1999 [2] - Dominica Jun 29, 1993 Mar 31, 1993 [2] - Dominican Republic Aug 16, 1993 May 18, 1993 [2] - Ecuador Jul 29, 1990 Apr 30, 1990 [2] - Egypt Jan 1, 1989 Aug 2, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 El Salvador Dec 31, 1992 Oct 2, 1992 [2] - Equatorial Guinea Dec 5, 2006 Sep 6, 2006 [2] - Eritrea Jun 10, 2005 Mar 10, 2005 [2] - Estonia Jan 15, 1997 Oct 17, 1996 [2] - Eswatini, Kingdom of Feb 8, 1993 Nov 10, 1992 [2] - Ethiopia Jan 9, 1995 Oct 11, 1994 [2] - European Union Mar 16, 1989 Dec 16, 1988 [3] Sep 16, 1987 Fiji Jan 21, 1990 Oct 23, 1989 [2] - Finland Jan 1, 1989 Dec 23, 1988 [3] Sep 16, 1987 France Jan 1, 1989 Dec 28, 1988 [3] Sep 16, 1987 Gabon May 10, 1994 Feb 9, 1994 [2] - Gambia Oct 23, 1990 Jul 25, 1990 [2] - Georgia Jun 19, 1996 Mar 21, 1996 [2] - Germany Jan 1, 1989 Dec 16, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Ghana Oct 12, 1992 Jul 14, 1992 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Greece Mar 29, 1989 Dec 29, 1988 [1] Oct 29, 1987 Grenada Jun 29, 1993 Mar 31, 1993 [2] - Guatemala Feb 5, 1990 Nov 7, 1989 [2] - Guinea Sep 23, 1992 Jun 25, 1992 [2] - Guinea-Bissau Feb 10, 2003 Nov 12, 2002 [2] - Guyana Nov 10, 1993 Aug 12, 1993 [2] - Haiti Jun 27, 2000 Mar 29, 2000 [2] - Holy See Aug 3, 2008 May 5, 2008 [2] - Honduras Jan 12, 1994 Oct 14, 1993 [2] - Hungary Jul 19, 1989 Apr 20, 1989 [2] - Iceland Nov 27, 1989 Aug 29, 1989 [2] - India Sep 17, 1992 Jun 19, 1992 [2] - Indonesia Sep 24, 1992 Jun 26, 1992 [1] Jul 21, 1988 Iran, Islamic Republic of Jan 1, 1991 Oct 3, 1990 [2] - Iraq Sep 23, 2008 Jun 25, 2008 [2] - Ireland Jan 1, 1989 Dec 16, 1988 [1] Sep 15, 1988 Israel Sep 28, 1992 Jun 30, 1992 [1] Jan 14, 1988 Italy Jan 1, 1989 Dec 16, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Jamaica Jun 29, 1993 Mar 31, 1993 [2] - Japan Jan 1, 1989 Sep 30, 1988 [3] Sep 16, 1987 Jordan Aug 30, 1989 May 31, 1989 [2] - Kazakhstan Nov 26, 1998 Aug 26, 1998 [2] - Kenya Feb 7, 1989 Nov 9, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Kiribati Apr 7, 1993 Jan 7, 1993 [2] - Korea, Dem. People's Rep. Apr 24, 1995 Jan 24, 1995 [2] - Korea, Republic of May 27, 1992 Feb 27, 1992 [2] - Kuwait Feb 21, 1993 Nov 23, 1992 [2] - Kyrgyzstan Aug 29, 2000 May 31, 2000 [2] - Lao, People's Dem. Rep. Nov 21, 1998 Aug 21, 1998 [2] - Latvia Jul 27, 1995 Apr 28, 1995 [2] - Lebanon Jun 29, 1993 Mar 31, 1993 [2] - Lesotho Jun 23, 1994 Mar 25, 1994 [2] - Liberia Apr 14, 1996 Jan 15, 1996 [2] - Libya Oct 9, 1990 Jul 11, 1990 [2] - Liechtenstein May 8, 1989 Feb 8, 1989 [2] - Lithuania Apr 18, 1995 Jan 18, 1995 [2] - Luxembourg Jan 15, 1989 Oct 17, 1988 [1] Jan 29, 1988 Madagascar Feb 7, 1997 Nov 7, 1996 [2] - Malawi Apr 9, 1991 Jan 9, 1991 [2] - Malaysia Nov 27, 1989 Aug 29, 1989 [2] - Maldives Aug 14, 1989 May 16, 1989 [1] Jul 12, 1988 Mali Jan 26, 1995 Oct 28, 1994 [2] - Malta Jan 1, 1989 Dec 29, 1988 [1] Sep 15, 1988 Marshall Islands Jun 9, 1993 Mar 11, 1993 [2] - Mauritania Aug 24, 1994 May 26, 1994 [2] - Mauritius Nov 16, 1992 Aug 18, 1992 [2] - Mexico Jan 1, 1989 Mar 31, 1988 [3] Sep 16, 1987 Micronesia, Fed. States Dec 5, 1995 Sep 6, 1995 [2] - Moldova, Republic of Jan 22, 1997 Oct 24, 1996 [2] - Monaco Jun 10, 1993 Mar 12, 1993 [2] - Mongolia Jun 5, 1996 Mar 7, 1996 [2] - Montenegro Jan 21, 2007 Oct 23, 2006 [4] - Morocco Mar 27, 1996 Dec 28, 1995 [1] Jan 7, 1988 Mozambique Dec 8, 1994 Sep 9, 1994 [2] - Myanmar Feb 22, 1994 Nov 24, 1993 [2] - Namibia Dec 19, 1993 Sep 20, 1993 [2] - Nauru Feb 10, 2002 Nov 12, 2001 [2] - Nepal Oct 4, 1994 Jul 6, 1994 [2] - Netherlands Jan 1, 1989 Dec 16, 1988 [3] Sep 16, 1987 New Zealand Jan 1, 1989 Jul 21, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Nicaragua Jun 3, 1993 Mar 5, 1993 [2] - Niger Jan 7, 1993 Oct 9, 1992 [2] - Nigeria Jan 29, 1989 Oct 31, 1988 [2] - Niue (New Zealand) Jan 22, 2004 Dec 22, 2003 [2] - North Macedonia Jun 8, 1994 Mar 10, 1994 [4] - Norway Jan 1, 1989 Jun 24, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Oman Sep 29, 1999 Jun 30, 1999 [2] - Pakistan Mar 18, 1993 Dec 18, 1992 [2] - Palau Aug 27, 2001 May 29, 2001 [2] - Palestinian Authority Jun 16, 2019 Mar 18, 2019 [2] - Panama Jun 1, 1989 Mar 3, 1989 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Papua New Guinea Jan 25, 1993 Oct 27, 1992 [2] - Paraguay Mar 3, 1993 Dec 3, 1992 [2] - Peru Jun 29, 1993 Mar 31, 1993 [2] - Philippines Oct 15, 1991 Jul 17, 1991 [1] Sep 14, 1988 Poland Oct 11, 1990 Jul 13, 1990 [2] - Portugal Jan 15, 1989 Oct 17, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Qatar Apr 21, 1996 Jan 22, 1996 [2] - Romania Apr 27, 1993 Jan 27, 1993 [2] - Russian Federation Jan 1, 1989 Nov 10, 1988 [3] Dec 29, 1987 Rwanda Jan 9, 2002 Oct 11, 2001 [2] - Saint Kitts and Nevis Nov 8, 1992 Aug 10, 1992 [2] - Saint Lucia Oct 26, 1993 Jul 28, 1993 [2] - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Mar 2, 1997 Dec 2, 1996 [2] - Samoa Mar 21, 1993 Dec 21, 1992 [2] - San Marino Jul 22, 2009 Apr 23, 2009 [2] - Sao Tome and Principe Feb 17, 2002 Nov 19, 2001 [2] - Saudi Arabia May 30, 1993 Mar 1, 1993 [2] - Senegal Aug 4, 1993 May 6, 1993 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Serbia Jun 10, 2001 Mar 12, 2001 [4] - Seychelles Apr 6, 1993 Jan 6, 1993 [2] - Sierra Leone Nov 27, 2001 Aug 29, 2001 [2] - Singapore Apr 5, 1989 Jan 5, 1989 [2] - Slovakia Aug 26, 1993 May 28, 1993 [4] - Slovenia Oct 4, 1992 Jul 6, 1992 [4] - Solomon Islands Sep 15, 1993 Jun 17, 1993 [2] - Somalia Oct 30, 2001 Aug 1, 2001 [2] - South Africa Apr 15, 1990 Jan 15, 1990 [2] - South Sudan Apr 11, 2012 Jan 12, 2012 [2] - Spain Jan 1, 1989 Dec 16, 1988 [1] Jul 21, 1988 Sri Lanka Mar 15, 1990 Dec 15, 1989 [2] - Sudan Apr 29, 1993 Jan 29, 1993 [2] - Suriname Jan 12, 1998 Oct 14, 1997 [2] - Sweden Jan 1, 1989 Jun 29, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Switzerland Jan 1, 1989 Dec 28, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Syrian Arab Republic Mar 12, 1990 Dec 12, 1989 [2] - Tajikistan Apr 7, 1998 Jan 7, 1998 [2] - Tanzania, Un. Rep. of Jul 16, 1993 Apr 16, 1993 [2] - Thailand Oct 5, 1989 Jul 7, 1989 [1] Sep 15, 1988 Timor-Leste Dec 16, 2009 Sep 16, 2009 [2] - Togo May 26, 1991 Feb 25, 1991 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Tonga Oct 27, 1998 Jul 29, 1998 [2] - Trinidad and Tobago Nov 26, 1989 Aug 28, 1989 [2] - Tunisia Dec 24, 1989 Sep 25, 1989 [2] - Turkey Dec 19, 1991 Sep 20, 1991 [2] - Turkmenistan Feb 16, 1994 Nov 18, 1993 [2] - Tuvalu Oct 13, 1993 Jul 15, 1993 [2] - Uganda Jan 1, 1989 Sep 15, 1988 [1] Sep 15, 1988 Ukraine Jan 1, 1989 Sep 20, 1988 [3] Feb 18, 1988 United Arab Emirates Mar 22, 1990 Dec 22, 1989 [2] - United Kingdom Jan 1, 1989 Dec 16, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 United States of America Jan 1, 1989 Apr 21, 1988 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Uruguay Apr 8, 1991 Jan 8, 1991 [2] - Uzbekistan Aug 16, 1993 May 18, 1993 [2] - Vanuatu Feb 19, 1995 Nov 21, 1994 [2] - Venezuela, Boliv. Rep. of May 7, 1989 Feb 6, 1989 [1] Sep 16, 1987 Viet Nam Apr 26, 1994 Jan 26, 1994 [2] - Yemen May 21, 1996 Feb 21, 1996 [2] - Zambia Apr 24, 1990 Jan 24, 1990 [2] - Zimbabwe Feb 1, 1993 Nov 3, 1992 [2] - * [1] Ratification [2] Accession/approbation [3] Acceptance/approval [4] Succession [5] Consent to be bound [6] Definite signature reset zoom out zoom in References - Treaties Enabled by Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer Treaty | Multilateral | Vienna | Mar 22, 1985 Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-000829) Amended by Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Treaty | Multilateral | Copenhagen | Nov 25, 1992 Keyword: Ozone layer Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001165) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Treaty | Multilateral | Kigali | Nov 29, 2016 Keyword: Ozone layer Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-160057) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Treaty | Multilateral | London | Jun 29, 1990 Keyword: Ozone layer Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001102) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Treaty | Multilateral | Beijing | Dec 3, 1999 Keyword: Ozone layer Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001339) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Treaty | Multilateral | Montreal | Sep 17, 1997 Keyword: Ozone layer Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001287) Cited by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Treaty | Multilateral | New York | Jun 22, 1992 Keyword: Climate change, Intergenerational equity, Technology transfer, Data collection/reporting, International organization, Education, Access-to-information, Sustainable development, Inventory, Emissions, EIA, Research, Dispute settlement, Monitoring, Precautionary principle, Ozone layer, Public participation Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001147) Other references Treaty decisions 2109 decisions related to this treaty. 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