Convention on Biological Diversity Document type Multilateral Field of application Global Date Jun 22, 1992 Source IUCN (ID: TRE-001148) Title abbreviation CBD Title (French) Convention sur la diversité biologique Title (Spanish) Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica Title (Other) Übereinkommen über die biologische Vielfalt Place of adoption Rio de Janeiro Depository UN United Nations Language English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, Russian Entry into force Dec 29, 1993 Subject Wild species & ecosystems Keyword Sustainable use Subsidy/incentive Policy/planning Ecosystem preservation Access and benefit sharing Traditional rights/customary rights Protected area Management/conservation Financing Institution Liability/compensation Protection of habitats Alien species Biodiversity EIA Research Monitoring Genetic resources Dispute settlement Ex-situ conservation Data collection/reporting Technology transfer Biotechnology Education Crops/grasses Abstract Objectives: To conserve biological diversity, promote the sustainable use of its components, and encourage equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. Such equitable sharing includes appropriate access to genetic resources, as well as appropriate transfer of technology, taking into account existing rights over such resources and such technology. Summary of provisions: (a) Definition of terms, such as "biological diversity", "biological resources", "biotechnology", "genetic resources" (art. 2); (b) Restatement of the principle of nation sovereignty over domestic natural resources, subject to respect for the rights of other States (art. 4). The Convention, however, places a duty on States Parties to conserve biological diversity within their jurisdiction, as well as outside their jurisdiction in certain cases (art. 4); (c) Requirement of cooperation between States Parties, in preserving biological diversity in areas out of national jurisdiction (art. 5); (d) Conferment of responsibility on States Parties for the formulation and implementation of strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity (art. 6). States Parties are required to monitor elements of biological diversity, determining the nature of urgency required in the protection of each category, and in sampling them, in terms of risks to which they are exposed; (e) Attribution of responsibility to States Parties, in respect of in-situ (art. 8) and ex-situ (art. 9) conservation of biological diversity (arts. 12 and 13); (f) Obligation placed on States Parties to provide for research, training, general education and the fostering of awareness, in relation to measures for identification, conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity (arts. 12 and 13); (g) Obligation placed on States Parties to provide for environmental impact assessment of projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity (art. 14). States Parties should exchange information and undertake consultation with other States in all cases where proposed national projects are likely to have adverse effects on biological diversity in other States; (h) Provisions concerning assess to genetic resources (art. 15); (i) Provisions on access to transfer technology, for application in the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity (arts. 16,18 and 19); (j) Provisions on financial resources. The Convention places a duty on States Parties to provide, in accordance with their individual capabilities, financial support for the fulfilment of the objectives of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity (arts. 20 and 21); (k) Establishment of a Conference of Parties, with a Secretariat, to keep under review the implementation of the Convention (arts. 20 and 21); (l) Provision for the settlement of disputes (art. 27); The Convention has following annexes: I. Identification and monitoring; II. Arbitration and conciliation. (Source: UNEP Register of International Treaties and Other Agreements in the Field of the Environment, 2005) Full text English French Spanish Other Website www.cbd.int treaties.un.org Online course Introductory Course to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Country/Territory/Participant See Expanded View Show Map Countries Entry into force Ratification * Simple signature Afghanistan Dec 18, 2002 - Jun 12, 1992 Albania Apr 5, 1994 Jan 5, 1994 [2] - Algeria Nov 12, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Andorra May 5, 2015 Feb 4, 2015 [2] - Angola Jul 1, 1998 - Jun 12, 1992 Antigua and Barbuda Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 5, 1992 Argentina Feb 20, 1995 - Jun 12, 1992 Armenia Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 13, 1992 Australia Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 5, 1992 Austria Nov 16, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Azerbaijan Nov 1, 2000 Aug 3, 2000 [3] Jun 12, 1992 Bahamas Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Bahrain Nov 28, 1996 - Jun 9, 1992 Bangladesh Aug 1, 1994 - Jun 5, 1992 Barbados Mar 10, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Belarus Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 11, 1992 Belgium Feb 22, 1997 - Jun 5, 1992 Belize Mar 30, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Benin Sep 28, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Bhutan Nov 23, 1995 - Jun 11, 1992 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Jan 1, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina Nov 25, 2002 Aug 26, 2002 [2] - Botswana Jan 10, 1996 - Jun 8, 1992 Brazil May 29, 1994 - Jun 5, 1992 Brunei Darussalam Oct 28, 2008 Jul 27, 2008 [2] - Bulgaria Jul 17, 1996 - Jun 12, 1992 Burkina Faso Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Burundi Jul 14, 1997 - Jun 11, 1992 Cabo Verde Jun 27, 1995 - Jun 12, 1992 Cambodia May 9, 1995 Feb 9, 1995 [2] - Cameroon Jan 17, 1995 - Jun 14, 1992 Canada Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 11, 1992 Central African Republic Jun 13, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Chad Sep 5, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Chile Dec 8, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 China Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 11, 1992 Colombia Feb 26, 1995 - Jun 12, 1992 Comoros Dec 28, 1994 - Jun 11, 1992 Congo Oct 30, 1996 - Jun 11, 1992 Congo, Dem. Rep. of Mar 6, 1995 - Jun 11, 1992 Cook Islands (New Zealand) Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Costa Rica Nov 24, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Croatia Jan 5, 1997 - Jun 11, 1992 Cuba Jun 6, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Cyprus Oct 8, 1996 - Jun 12, 1992 Czech Republic Mar 3, 1994 - Jun 4, 1993 Côte d'Ivoire Feb 27, 1995 - Jun 10, 1992 Denmark Mar 21, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Djibouti Nov 30, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Dominica Jul 5, 1994 Apr 6, 1994 [2] - Dominican Republic Feb 23, 1997 - Jun 13, 1992 Ecuador Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 9, 1992 Egypt Sep 2, 1994 - Jun 9, 1992 El Salvador Dec 7, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Equatorial Guinea Mar 6, 1995 Dec 6, 1994 [2] - Eritrea Jun 21, 1996 Mar 21, 1996 [2] - Estonia Oct 25, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Eswatini, Kingdom of Feb 7, 1995 - Jun 12, 1992 Ethiopia Jul 4, 1994 - Jun 10, 1992 European Union Dec 29, 1993 Dec 21, 1993 [3] Jun 13, 1992 Fiji Dec 29, 1993 - Oct 9, 1992 Finland Oct 25, 1994 Jul 27, 1994 [3] Jun 5, 1992 France Sep 29, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Gabon Jun 14, 1997 - Jun 12, 1992 Gambia Sep 8, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Georgia Aug 31, 1994 Jun 2, 1994 [2] - Germany Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Ghana Nov 27, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Greece Nov 2, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Grenada Nov 9, 1994 - Dec 3, 1992 Guatemala Oct 8, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Guinea Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1192 Guinea-Bissau Jan 25, 1996 - Jun 12, 1992 Guyana Nov 27, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Haiti Dec 24, 1996 - Jun 13, 1992 Honduras Oct 29, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Hungary May 25, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Iceland Dec 11, 1994 - Jun 10, 1992 India May 19, 1994 - Jun 5, 1992 Indonesia Nov 21, 1994 - Jun 5, 1992 Iran, Islamic Republic of Nov 4, 1996 - Jun 14, 1992 Iraq Jan 24, 2010 Oct 26, 2009 [2] - Ireland Jun 22, 1996 - Jun 13, 1992 Israel Nov 5, 1995 - Jun 11, 1992 Italy Jul 14, 1994 - Jun 5, 1992 Jamaica Apr 6, 1995 - Jun 11, 1992 Japan Dec 29, 1993 May 28, 1993 [3] Jun 13, 1992 Jordan Feb 10, 1994 - Jun 11, 1992 Kazakhstan Dec 5, 1994 - Jun 9, 1992 Kenya Oct 24, 1994 - Jun 11, 1992 Kiribati Nov 14, 1994 Aug 16, 1994 [2] - Korea, Dem. People's Rep. Jan 24, 1995 Oct 26, 1994 [3] Jun 11, 1992 Korea, Republic of Jan 1, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Kuwait Oct 1, 2002 - Jun 9, 1992 Kyrgyzstan Nov 4, 1996 Aug 6, 1996 [2] - Lao, People's Dem. Rep. Dec 19, 1996 Sep 20, 1996 [2] - Latvia Mar 13, 1996 - Jun 11, 1992 Lebanon Mar 15, 1995 - Jun 12, 1992 Lesotho Apr 10, 1995 - Jun 11, 1992 Liberia Feb 6, 2001 - Jun 12, 1992 Libya Oct 10, 2001 - Jun 29, 1992 Liechtenstein Feb 19, 1998 - Jun 5, 1992 Lithuania May 1, 1996 - Jun 11, 1992 Luxembourg Aug 7, 1994 - Jun 9, 1992 Madagascar Jun 4, 1996 - Jun 8, 1992 Malawi May 3, 1994 - Jun 10, 1992 Malaysia Sep 22, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Maldives Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Mali Jun 27, 1995 - Sep 22, 1992 Malta Mar 29, 2001 - Jun 12, 1992 Marshall Islands Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Mauritania Nov 14, 1996 - Jun 12, 1992 Mauritius Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 10, 1992 Mexico Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 13, 1992 Micronesia, Fed. States Sep 18, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Moldova, Republic of Jan 20, 1996 - Jun 5, 1992 Monaco Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 11, 1992 Mongolia Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Montenegro Jan 21, 2007 Oct 23, 2006 [4] - Morocco Nov 19, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Mozambique Nov 23, 1995 - Jun 12, 1992 Myanmar Feb 23, 1995 - Jun 11, 1992 Namibia Aug 14, 1997 - Jun 12, 1992 Nauru Feb 9, 1994 - Jun 5, 1992 Nepal Feb 21, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Netherlands Oct 10, 1994 Jul 12, 1994 [3] Jun 5, 1992 New Zealand Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Nicaragua Feb 18, 1996 - Jun 13, 1992 Niger Oct 23, 1995 - Jun 11, 1992 Nigeria Nov 27, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Niue (New Zealand) May 28, 1996 Feb 28, 1996 [2] - North Macedonia Mar 2, 1998 Dec 2, 1997 [2] - Norway Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 9, 1992 Oman May 8, 1995 - Jun 10, 1992 Pakistan Oct 24, 1994 - Jun 5, 1992 Palau Apr 6, 1999 Jan 6, 1999 [2] - Palestinian Authority Jul 2, 2015 Apr 2, 2015 [2] - Panama Apr 17, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Papua New Guinea Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 13, 1992 Paraguay May 25, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Peru Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Philippines Jan 6, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Poland Apr 17, 1996 - Jun 5, 1992 Portugal Mar 21, 1994 - Jun 13, 1992 Qatar Nov 19, 1996 - Jun 11, 1992 Romania Nov 15, 1994 - Jun 5, 1992 Russian Federation Jul 4, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Rwanda Aug 27, 1996 - Jun 10, 1992 Saint Kitts and Nevis Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Saint Lucia Dec 29, 1993 Jul 28, 1993 [2] - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sep 1, 1996 Jun 3, 1996 [2] - Samoa May 10, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 San Marino Jan 26, 1995 - Jun 10, 1992 Sao Tome and Principe Dec 28, 1999 - Jun 12, 1992 Saudi Arabia Jan 1, 2002 Oct 3, 2001 [2] - Senegal Jan 15, 1995 - Jun 13, 1992 Serbia May 30, 2002 - Jun 8, 1992 Seychelles Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 10, 1992 Sierra Leone Mar 12, 1995 Dec 12, 1994 [2] - Singapore Mar 20, 1996 - Mar 10, 1993 Slovakia Nov 24, 1994 Aug 25, 1994 [3] May 19, 1993 Slovenia Oct 7, 1996 - Jun 13, 1992 Solomon Islands Mar 3, 1996 - Jun 13, 1992 Somalia Mar 10, 2010 Dec 10, 2009 [2] - South Africa Jan 31, 1996 - Jun 4, 1993 South Sudan May 18, 2014 Feb 17, 2014 [2] - Spain Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 13, 1992 Sri Lanka Jun 21, 1994 - Jun 10, 1992 Sudan Jan 28, 1996 - Jun 9, 1992 Suriname Apr 11, 1996 - Jun 13, 1992 Sweden Mar 16, 1994 - Jun 8, 1992 Switzerland Feb 19, 1995 - Jun 12, 1992 Syrian Arab Republic Apr 3, 1996 - May 3, 1993 Tajikistan Jan 27, 1998 Oct 29, 1997 [2] - Tanzania, Un. Rep. of Jun 8, 1996 - Jun 12, 1992 Thailand Jan 29, 2004 - Jun 12, 1992 Timor-Leste Jan 8, 2007 Oct 10, 2006 [2] - Togo Jan 2, 1996 Oct 4, 1995 [3] Jun 12, 1992 Tonga Aug 17, 1998 May 19, 1998 [2] - Trinidad and Tobago Oct 30, 1996 - Jun 11, 1992 Tunisia Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 13, 1992 Turkey May 15, 1997 - Jun 11, 1992 Turkmenistan Dec 17, 1996 Sep 18, 1996 [2] - Tuvalu Mar 20, 2003 - Jun 8, 1992 Uganda Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 12, 1992 Ukraine May 7, 1995 - Jun 11, 1992 United Arab Emirates May 10, 2000 - Jun 11, 1992 United Kingdom Sep 1, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 United States of America - - Jun 4, 1993 Uruguay Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 9, 1992 Uzbekistan Oct 17, 1995 Jul 19, 1995 [2] - Vanuatu Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 9, 1992 Venezuela, Boliv. Rep. of Dec 12, 1994 - Jun 12, 1992 Viet Nam Feb 14, 1995 - May 28, 1993 Yemen May 21, 1996 - Jun 12, 1992 Zambia Dec 29, 1993 - Jun 11, 1992 Zimbabwe Feb 9, 1995 - Jun 12, 1992 * [1] Ratification [2] Accession/approbation [3] Acceptance/approval [4] Succession [5] Consent to be bound [6] Definite signature reset zoom out zoom in References - Treaties Enables Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and their Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity Treaty | Multilateral | Nagoya | Jul 24, 2023 Keyword: Climate change, Biotechnology, Access-to-information, Public health, Cultural heritage, Agriculture and environment, Food security, Biodiversity, Access and benefit sharing, Capacity building, Access-to-justice, Enforcement/compliance, Genetic resources Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-155959) Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity Treaty | Multilateral | Montreal | Oct 19, 2000 Keyword: Food quality control/food safety, Precautionary principle, Transport/storage, Biosafety, Biotechnology, Access-to-information, Sustainable use, Education, International trade, GMO, International agreement-text, Biodiversity, Financing, Packaging/labelling, Transboundary effects, Risk assessment/management, Institution, Monitoring, Liability/compensation Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001327) Cited by Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the West African Populations of the African Elephant Treaty | Multilateral | Nov 22, 2005 Keyword: Biodiversity, Data collection/reporting, Migratory species, Protection of habitats, Protected animal species, Management/conservation, Endangered species, International agreement-text, Policy/planning, Stock enhancement/repopulation, Research, Wild fauna, Mammals, Monitoring, Protection of species Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-144933) Protocol on Sustainable Transport to the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians Treaty | Multilateral | Mikulov | Sep 26, 2014 Keyword: Air quality/air pollution, Ecosystem preservation, Emissions, Mountain area, Education, Aircraft noise, Vehicle noise, Public health, Air pollution (non-stationary sources), Transport/storage, Noise emission Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-160036) Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola) Treaty | Multilateral | Minsk | Apr 30, 2003 Keyword: Biodiversity, Data collection/reporting, Migratory species, Protection of habitats, Protected animal species, Management/conservation, Birds, Wetlands, International agreement-text, Policy/planning, Stock enhancement/repopulation, Research, Wild fauna, Monitoring, Protection of species Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001413) Accord relatif à la gestion concertée de la Reserve de Biosphère Transfortalière du W Treaty | Multilateral | Niamey | Jan 28, 2008 Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-154733) European Landscape Convention Treaty | Multilateral | Florence | Oct 20, 2000 Keyword: Soil conservation/soil improvement, Education, Environmental planning, Data collection/reporting, Land-use planning, Protection of species, Local government, Monitoring, International relations/cooperation, Public participation Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001326) Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Saiga Antelope (Saiga tatarica tatarica) Treaty | Multilateral | Almaty | Sep 24, 2006 Keyword: Wild fauna, Protection of species, Migratory species, Data collection/reporting, Protection of habitats, Ecosystem preservation, Mammals, Stock enhancement/repopulation, Protected animal species, Research, Sustainable use, Policy/planning, International agreement-text, Monitoring, Biodiversity, Management/conservation, Endangered species Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-144929) Lusaka Agreement on Co-operative Enforcement Operations directed at Illegal Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora Treaty | Multilateral | Lusaka | Sep 8, 1994 Keyword: Wild fauna, Wildlife products, Data collection/reporting, Management/conservation, National implementation/transposal, Wild flora, International trade, Trade in species, International relations/cooperation, International agreement-text Source: IUCN (ID: TRE-001197) Other references Treaty decisions 471 decisions related to this treaty. View decisions Literature 751 records related to this treaty. View literature Jurisprudence 12 jurisprudence related to this treaty. View jurisprudence